Unthinkable (83 page)

Iranian relations with,
41
–42

Germany, Imperial,
228
,
419

Germany, Nazi,
237
,
300

Glaspie, April,
339

Gordievsky, Oleg,
308

Greco-Persian Wars,
282

Green Revolution of 2009,
19
–22,
159
,
177
,
240
–41,
386
,
396

crushing of,
20
–22,
123
–24,
171
,
172
,
174
,
236
–37,
240

leaders of,
161
,
174

street demonstrations in,
19
–20

Western support for,
149
,
167

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries,
89
,
147
,
248
,
285
,
291
–93,
295
,
352

“balancing” behavior of,
341
–44

Iranian threat to,
338
,
341
–50,
378

military capabilities of,
347
–50,
353
–58

selling U.S. arms to,
321
,
358

Gulf emirates,
11
,
26
,
28
,
89

oil exports of,
25

Guzansky, Yoel,
57
,
141

Haaretz
(Israel),
306

Haass, Richard,
112
–13,
152

Halevy, Efraim,
196

Hamas,
27
,
28
,
110

clash of Israel and,
317

Iranian support of,
26
,
30
,
173
,
207
–11,
258
–59

Sunni fundamentalists of,
319

Hayden, Michael,
202
,
234
–35,
239

Healey, Dennis,
353

Helms, Jesse,
158

Helsinki,
77

Helsinki Accords of 1975,
166

Henry II, King of England,
166

Hiroshima bombing,
36
,
80

Hitler, Adolf,
7
,
387

Hizballah,
26
,
28
–30,
32
,
68
,
85
,
110
,
214
,
337

Iranian support for,
173
,
185
,
207
–11,
213
,
258
–59,
285
,
314
,
350
,
389

Israeli war with,
210
,
212
,
266
,
317
,
362
,
377

Shi'i in,
319

Hollande, François,
129

Holocaust,
216

Hong Kong,
293

Hormuz, Strait of,
88
,
249
,
250
,
272
,
274
,
365

flow of oil through,
261
–62,
363

threatened closing of,
219
–21,
233
,
260
–63,
268
,
273
,
314

human rights,
124
,
130
,
178

containment of Iran and,
385
–87

Human Rights Watch,
178

Husayn, Saddam,
9
,
69
,
96
,
99
,
109
,
128
,
155
–56,
227
,
237
,
244
,
266
,
271
,
285
,
303

domestic opposition to,
371
–72

failed efforts at containment of, xv,
78

fall and execution of,
47
,
70
,
84
,
114
,
121
,
199
,
252
,
267
,
410
,
472

Kuwait invaded by,
199
,
241
,
252
,
257
,
339

military aggression of,
67
,
84
,
156
,
212

nuclear weapons program of,
35
,
45
–47,
52
,
76
,
84
,
104
,
199
–200,
201
,
240

reckless belligerence of,
15
–16,
67
,
240
,
248
,
339
,
410
,
454

WMDs and,
9
,
46
–47,
143
,
151
,
155
,
292
,
308
,
420

Huyser, Robert E. “Dutch,”
71
,
169
–70

IDF Radio,
148
–49

India,
29
,
56
,
90
,
130
,
208
,
295
,
374
–75

Kargil region of,
75

Kashmir crisis and,
75
,
293
–94,
378

nuclear arsenal of,
64
,
74
–75,
84
,
98
,
315
,
331
,
375
,
377
–78,
410

Pakistani conflict with,
74
–75,
293
–94,
315
,
377
–78

sanctions opposed by,
227

Indian Ocean,
146
,
231
,
345
,
356

Indo-Pakistani wars:

of 1965,
74

of 1971,
74

of 1999,
75

Institute for National Security Studies,
202
,
213

Institute for Science and International Security,
54
,
196
–99

Institute for the Analysis of Global Security,
364

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
35
,
37
–40,
43
–47,
52
,
193
,
203
,
249
,
381

Additional Protocol of,
58

Board of Governors of,
40

General Conference resolutions of,
245

Iran condemned by,
40

Iran's communication with,
49
,
50
,
119

Member States of,
44

monitoring of nuclear sites by,
39
,
40
,
43
,
46
,
143
,
144
,
234
,
239
,
377
–78,
401

International Court of Justice,
245

International Crisis Group,
156

international law,
243
–47

Internet:

Iranian control of,
21
,
148
,
178

see also
cyberwarfare

Iran:

air defenses of,
220
,
232
,
233

Americans attacked by,
24
–25,
65
,
67
,
72
,
78
,
81
–82,
85
,
114
,
148
–50,
157
,
180
,
273

anti-Americanism of,
23
–26,
59
,
60
,
67
,
72
,
163
,
173
,
236
–39,
323

Arab and Mongol conquests of,
10

Assembly of Experts of,
6
,
21

blackmarket in,
135
,
136

Byzantine, fragmented political system of,
5
–7,
68

Central Bank of,
130

clerical rule of Supreme Leader in,
3
–4,
5
–8,
9
–10,
115
,
242
,
272

constitution of,
18
,
59

Council of Guardians of,
6
,
18
,
23
,
59
,
120
,
366

crime and corruption in,
133

culture of,
4
–5

cyberwarfare by,
29
,
85
,
148
–50,
180
,
217
,
259
–60,
271
–72,
460
,
470

damaged economy of,
38
,
56
–57,
115
–16,
119
,
132
–39

defection of diplomats and scientists from,
177

defense and protection of,
9
,
10
,
13
,
15
,
70
–73

disputed election of 2009 in,
19
–21,
123
,
174
,
442

distance between Israel and,
189
–91

as dominant power in southwest Asia,
10
–11

Expediency Discernment Council of,
6
,
18
,
59

factionalism endemic in,
5
,
18

fear of American invasion in,
40
,
113
,
116
,
120
,
167

foreign intelligence operations in,
171

Foreign Ministry of,
141
–42

foreign policy since 2009 in,
22
–28,
32
–33

goals and priorities of,
xviii
,
9
–16

gross domestic product of,
153

hardliner policymakers in,
12
,
19
–22,
61
,
119
,
120
–21,
137
–38,
141
,
149
,
159
,
167
,
239
,
285
,
301
,
366
,
443

hatred of Israel by,
30
–32,
59
,
60
,
72
,
110

highly personalized, xenophobic leadership of,
6
,
7
,
17
,
21
,
70

human rights abuses in,
178

impact of Israeli or U.S. air strikes on,
195
–223,
233
–36

impact of sanctions on,
xiii
,
112
,
115
–16,
119
,
132
–38,
154
–57,
179
,
226
–28

indigenous opposition groups in,
xvii
–xviii,
xix
,
25
,
32
,
37
,
149
,
169
,
171
–72,
174
–79

inertia of political change in,
5
,
8
,
61
–62

intelligence and security agencies in,
6
,
12
,
21
,
69
,
144
,
172
,
209
,
241
,
260

Islamic Revolution of 1979 in,
xiv
,
3
–5,
7
,
9
,
11
–12,
15
,
19
,
35
,
65
,
68
,
71
,
113
,
134
,
160
,
175
,
201
,
363
,
372

isolation of,
xiii
,
65
,
119
,
121
,
171
,
201
,
283

judiciary in,
12
,
21
,
366

“kaleidoscopic” politics of,
5

Khobar Towers attack by,
67
,
72
,
85
,
173
,
208
,
273
,
302
–3,
492

Kurdish, Baluch, and Arab minorities in,
25
,
32
,
149
,
171
–72,
175
,
179
,
389

Law Enforcement Forces of,
132

legislature of,
366

limited U.S. understanding of,
xvi
,
xviii
,
4
–9,
25
–26,
33
,
45
,
48
,
63
,
105
,
109
–10,
215

major ports of,
268

maps of,
ix
,
187

moderate and pragmatic voices in,
8
–9,
15
–16,
18
,
20
–24,
68
,
115
–17,
120
–21,
133
–34,
137
,
149

mountainous terrain of,
5
,
266
–67

nationalism in,
5
,
10
–11,
236
–37,
270

natural gas reserves of,
41
–42

naval defenses of,
25
,
85
,
257
,
285

1979–81 U.S. hostage crisis in,
65
,
72
,
114
,
134
,
194

90 percent Shi'i population of,
4
,
27
,
70
,
84
,
96
,
210

nuclear program of,
see
Iranian nuclear program

oil industry of,
71
,
84
–85,
86
,
115
,
125
,
130
,
132
–35,
138
,
148
,
154
,
155
,
219
,
226
–27,
250
,
269
,
272
,
274